Journal: International Journal of Medical Sciences

Article Title: Bitter Melon Extract Yields Multiple Effects on Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Likely Contributes to Anti-diabetic Functions

doi: 10.7150/ijms.55866

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of BME on normal IEC-18 cells. A, cytotoxicity assays. IEC-18 cells were treated with the solvent (control), 10, 50, 100 or 200 μg/mL BME for 6 h and subjected to a cell proliferation assay. B, glucose uptake assays in IEC-18 cells treated for 5 h with 100 nM insulin, 50, 100, or 200 μg/mL EPSs as indicated underneath the histogram. Relative glucose uptake versus Group 1 was determined. Both experiments were performed twice independently, each in triplicate. The data are the mean ± SE (N = 6). * P < 0.05 and ** P < 0.005 versus the control (A) or Group 1 (B).

Article Snippet: NCI-H716 cells and IEC-18 cells were purchased from Bioresource Collection and Research Center (Hsinchu, Taiwan), and cultured at 37° C in a humidified incubator supplied with 5% CO 2 using Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and RPMI 1640 medium, respectively, containing 10% FBS.

Techniques: Proliferation Assay

Journal: International Journal of Medical Sciences

Article Title: Bitter Melon Extract Yields Multiple Effects on Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Likely Contributes to Anti-diabetic Functions

doi: 10.7150/ijms.55866

Figure Lengend Snippet: Glucose uptake assays in insulin-resistant IEC-18 cells. A , cells were pretreated with 10, 20, 40, 50 or 100 ng/mL TNF-α, followed by stimulation with 100 nM insulin. The experiment was performed in triplicate. B and C, cells were pretreated with 20 ng/mL TNF-α, followed by stimulation with 50, 100 or 200 μg/mL BME in the presence (B) or absence (C) of 100 nM insulin. In C, 50 μM rosiglitazone (R) was also tested as a positive control with (Group 7) or without (Group 8) insulin. Experiments were performed twice independently, each in triplicate. Relative glucose uptake versus Group 1 is shown. The data are the mean ± SE (N = 3 in A; N = 6 in B and C). * P < 0.05 and ** P < 0.005 versus Group 2 (A) or Group 3 (B and C); ## P < 0.005 versus Group 1 (B and C).

Article Snippet: NCI-H716 cells and IEC-18 cells were purchased from Bioresource Collection and Research Center (Hsinchu, Taiwan), and cultured at 37° C in a humidified incubator supplied with 5% CO 2 using Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and RPMI 1640 medium, respectively, containing 10% FBS.

Techniques: Positive Control

Journal: International Journal of Medical Sciences

Article Title: Bitter Melon Extract Yields Multiple Effects on Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Likely Contributes to Anti-diabetic Functions

doi: 10.7150/ijms.55866

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of BME on Akt and AMPK. A, B, and C, western blot analysis of the levels of phosphorylated Akt, total Akt (A, B), and phosphorylated AMPK, total AMPK (C). IEC-18 cells were pretreated with 20 ng/mL TNF-α, followed by stimulation with 100 or 200 μg/mL BME, or 50 μM rosiglitazone (R) in the presence or absence of 100 nM insulin, as indicated underneath the blots. In C, the concentration of BME (indicated as B) was 200 μg/mL. Experiments were performed three times independently. The result from one of the experiments is shown. D, glucose uptake assays in IEC-18 cells. Cells were pretreated with 20 ng/mL TNF-α, followed by the treatment as indicated underneath the histogram. Experiments were performed in triplicate. The data are the mean ± SE (N = 3). * P < 0.05 and ** P < 0.005 between the indicated groups.

Article Snippet: NCI-H716 cells and IEC-18 cells were purchased from Bioresource Collection and Research Center (Hsinchu, Taiwan), and cultured at 37° C in a humidified incubator supplied with 5% CO 2 using Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and RPMI 1640 medium, respectively, containing 10% FBS.

Techniques: Western Blot, Concentration Assay